1. Scope

1.1 These test methods covers laboratory compaction methods used to determine the relationship between water content and dry unit weight of soils (compaction curve) compacted in a 4 or 6-in. (101.6 or 152.4-mm) diameter mold with a 5.5-lbf (24.4-N) rammer dropped from a height of 12 in. (305 mm) producing a compactive effort of 12,400 ft-lbf/ft ³ (600 kN-m/m ³ ).

Note 1The equipment and procedures are similar as those proposed by R. R. Proctor ( Engineering News Record -September 7, 1933) with this one major exception: his rammer blows were applied as '12 inch firm strokes' instead of free fall, producing variable compactive effort depending on the operator, but probably in the range 15,000 to 25,000 ft-lbf/ft ³ (700 to 1,200 kN-m/m ³ ). The standard effort test (see 3.2.2) is sometimes referred to as the Proctor Test.

Note 2Soils and soil-aggregate mixtures should be regarded as natural occurring fine- or coarse-grained soils or composites or mixtures of natural soils, or mixtures of natural and processed soils or aggregates such as silt, gravel, or crushed rock.

1.2 These test methods apply only to soils (materials) that have 30 % or less by mass of particles retained on the 3/4-inch (19.0-mm) sieve.

Note 3For relationships between unit weights and water contents of soils with 30 % or less by mass of material retained on the 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve to unit weights and water contents of the fraction passing 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve, see Practice D 4718.

1.3 Three alternative methods are provided. The method used shall be as indicated in the specification for the material being tested. If no method is specified, the choice should be based on the material gradation.

1.3.1 Method A

1.3.1.1 Mold4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.

1.3.1.2 Material

Three.

25.

May be used if 20 % or less by mass of the material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.

If this method is not specified, materials that meet these gradation requirements may be tested using Methods B or C.

1.3.2 Method BMold4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.

Passing 3/8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.

Three.

25.

Shall be used if more than 20 % by mass of the material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve and 20 % or less by mass of the material is retained on the 3/8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.

If this method is not specified, materials that meet these gradation requirements may be tested using Method C.

1.3.3 Method CMold6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter.

Passing 3/4-inch (19.0-mm) sieve.

Three.

56.

Shall be used if more than 20 % by mass of the material is retained on the 3/8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve and less than 30 % by mass of the material is retained on the 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.

1.3.4 The 6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter mold shall not be used with Method A or B. Note 4Results have been found to vary slightly when a material is tested at the same compactive effort in different size molds.

1.4 If the test specimen contains more than 5 % by mass of oversize fraction (coarse fraction) and the material will not be included in the test, corrections must be made to the unit mass and water content of the specimen or to the appropriate field in place density test specimen using Practice D 4718.

1.5 This test method will generally produce a well defined maximum dry unit weight for non-free draining soils. If this test method is used for free draining soils the maximum unit weight may not be well defined, and can be less than obtained using Test Methods D 4253.

1.6 The values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for information only.

1.6.1 In the engineering profession it is customary practice to use, interchangeably, units representing both mass and force, unless dynamic calculations ( F = Ma ) are involved. This implicitly combines two separate systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the gravimetric system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate systems within a single standard. This test method has been written using inch-pound units (gravimetric system) where the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force. The use of mass (lbm) is for convenience of units and is not intended to convey the use is scientifically correct. Conversions are given in the SI system in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10. The use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm), or the recording of density in lbm/ft ³ should not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate

C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids

D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer

D2168 Practices for Calibration of Laboratory Mechanical-Rammer Soil Compactors

D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass

D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)

D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)

D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction

D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table

D4718 Practice for Correction of Unit Weight and Water Content for Soils Containing Oversize Particles

D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction Materials Testing

D4914 Test Methods for Density and Unit Weight of Soil and Rock in Place by the Sand Replacement Method in a Test Pit

D5030 Test Method for Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Water Replacement Method in a Test Pit

D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data

D6913 Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis

E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves

E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods

E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

Keywords

compaction characteristics; density; impact compaction; laboratory tests ; moisture-density curves; proctor test; soil; soil compaction; standard effort;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 93.020 (Earth works. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works)

DOI: 10.1520/D0698-00AE01

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