ASTM D698

Scope

1.1 This test method covers laboratory compaction procedures used to determine the relationship between water content and dry unit weight of soils (compaction curve) compacted in a 4 or 6-in. (101.6 or 152.4-mm) diameter mold with a 5.5-lbf (24.4-N) rammer dropped from a height of 12 in. (305 mm) producing a compactive effort of 12,400 ft-lbf/ft³ (600 kN-m/m³).

Note 1-The equipment and procedures are similar as those proposed by R. R. Proctor ( Engineering News Record -September 7, 1933) with this one major exception: his rammer blows were applied as "12 inch firm strokes" instead of free fall, producing variable compactive effort depending on the operator, but probably in the range 15,000 to 25,000 ft-lbf/ft³ (700 to1,200 kN-m/m³). The standard effort test (see 3.2.2) is sometimes referred to as the Proctor Test.

Note 2-Soils and soil-aggregate mixtures should be regarded as natural occurring fine- or coarse-grained soils or composites or mixtures of natural soils, or mixtures of natural and processed soils or aggregates such as silt, gravel, or crushed rock.

1.2 These test methods apply only to soils that have 30% or less by weight of particles retained on the 3/4-inch (19.0-mm) sieve.

Note 3-For relationships between unit weights and water contents of soils with 30% or less by weight of material retained on the 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve to unit weights and water contents of the fraction passing 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve, see Practice D4718.

1.3 Three alternative procedures are provided. The method used shall be as indicated in the specification for the material being tested. If no procedure is specified, the choice should be based on the material gradation.

1.3.1 Method A:

1.3.1.1 Mold -4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.

1.3.1.2 Material -Passing No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.

1.3.1.3 Layers -Three.

1.3.1.4 Blows per layer -25.

1.3.1.5 Use -May be used if 20% or less by weight of the material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.

1.3.1.6 Other Use -If this method is not specified, materials that meet these gradation requirements may be tested using Methods B or C.

1.3.2 Method B:

1.3.2.1 Mold -4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.

1.3.2.2 Material -Passing 3/8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.

1.3.2.3 Layers -Three.

1.3.2.4 Blows per layer -25.

1.3.2.5 Use -Shall be used if more than 20% by weight of the material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve and 20% or less by weight of the material is retained on the 3/8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.

1.3.2.6 Other Use -If this procedure is not specified, materials that meet these gradation requirements may be tested using Method C.

1.3.3 Method C:

1.3.3.1Mold -6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter.

1.3.3.2 Material -Passing 3/4-inch (19.0-mm) sieve.

1.3.3.3 Layers -Three.

1.3.3.4 Blows per layer -56.

1.3.3.5 Use -Shall be used if more than 20% by weight of the material is retained on the 3/8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve and less than 30% by weight of the material is retained on the 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.

1.3.4 The 6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter mold shall not be used with Method A or B.

Note 4-Results have been found to vary slightly when a material is tested at the same compactive effort in different size molds.

1.4 If the test specimen contains more than 5% by weight oversize fraction (coarse fraction) and the material will not be included in the test, corrections must be made to the unit weight and water content of the specimen or to the appropriate field in place density test specimen using Practice D4718.

1.5 This test method will generally produce a well defined maximum dry unit weight for non-free draining soils. If this test method is used for free draining soils the maximum unit weight may not be well defined, and can be less than obtained using Test Methods D4253.

1.6 The values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for information only.

1.6.1 In the engineering profession it is customary practice to use, interchangeably, units representing both mass and force, unless dynamic calculations ( F = Ma ) are involved. This implicitly combines two separate systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the gravimetric system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate systems within a single standard. This test method has been written using inch-pound units (gravimetric system) where the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force. The use of mass (lbm) is for convenience of units and is not intended to convey the use is scientifically correct. Conversions are given in the SI system in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10. The use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm), or the recording of density in lbm/ft³should not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Keywords

impact compaction using standard effort; density; moisture-density curves; proctor test; compaction characterist; soil compaction; laboratory tests

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 93.020 (Earth works. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works)

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