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Content DescriptionThis report presents a design-oriented approach for considering thermal effect on nuclear safety-related concrete structures. The approach presented in this report is intended to assist the licensed design professional in addressing the requirements of Appendix E of ACI CODE-349-13. Although this report is focused on the requirements of ACI CODE-349, the general behavior of structures under thermal effects and the significant issues to consider in design are broadly applicable in the design of other types of reinforced concrete members and structures. Three types of structures - frame structures, concrete wall structures, and axisymmetric structures - are addressed. For concrete wall structures, thermal and structural behaviors are discussed. Guidelines are provided for determining the required strengths for concrete walls subject to thermal loading combinations. For frame structures, a rationale is described for determining the extent of component cracking that can be assumed for purposes of obtaining the cracked structure thermal forces and moments. Stiffness coefficients and carryover factors are presented in graphical form as a function of the extent of component cracking along its length and the reinforcement ratio. Fixed-end thermal moments for cracked components are expressed in terms of these factors for: 1) a temperature gradient across the depth of the component; and 2) end displacements due to a uniform temperature change along the axes of adjacent components. For the axisymmetric shells, normalized cracked section thermal moments are presented in graphical form. These moments are normalized with respect to the cross-sectional dimensions and the temperature gradient across the section. The normalized moments are presented as a function of the internal axial forces and moments acting on the section and the reinforcement ratio. Use of the graphical information is illustrated by examples. Keywords: concrete walls; cracking (fracturing); frames; nuclear safety-related structures; shells; structural analysis; structural design; temperature; thermal effect; thermal gradient; thermal properties.About ACIFounded in 1904 and headquartered in Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA, the American Concrete Institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development and distribution of consensus-based standards, technical resources, educational & training programs, certification programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete design, construction, and materials, who share a commitment to pursuing the best use of concrete. ACI has over 95 chapters, 110 student chapters, and nearly 20,000 members spanning over 120 countries. |
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