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eLibrary > PD IEC TR 62786-102:2025 Distributed energy resources connection with the grid - CAES connection to the grid >

PD IEC TR 62786-102:2025 Distributed energy resources connection with the grid - CAES connection to the grid, 2025

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PD IEC TR 62786-102:2025 Distributed energy resources connection with the grid - CAES connection to the grid, 2025

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CONTENTS
FOREWORD
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions and abbreviated terms [Go to Page]
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Abbreviated terms
4 Introduction to CAES system [Go to Page]
4.1 Basic principle of CAES system
Figures [Go to Page]
Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of supplementary combustion CAES system
Figure 2 – Schematic diagram of non-supplementary combustion CAES system
4.2 The energy conversion process of CAES system [Go to Page]
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 The energy conversion process during charging state
4.2.3 The energy conversion process during discharging state
5 Grid-connected method [Go to Page]
5.1 General
5.2 Grid-connected process and needs
5.3 Charging state [Go to Page]
5.3.1 Grid-connected startup process
Figure 3 – The schematic diagram of the CAES system connected to a network [Go to Page]
5.3.2 Shutdown process
5.4 Discharging state [Go to Page]
5.4.1 Grid-connected startup process
5.4.2 Shutdown process
6 Grid-connected operating characteristics [Go to Page]
6.1 General needs
6.2 Response characteristics and curves in charging state [Go to Page]
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Response characteristics of active power to frequency
Figure 4 - The grid-connected process of the CAES system in charging state [Go to Page]
6.2.3 Response characteristics of active power to current
6.2.4 Response characteristics of active power to injecting mass flow
Tables [Go to Page]
Table 1 – Active power in charging state of the CAES system
Figure 5 - Response curve of active power to injecting mass flow in charging state
Table 2 – Active power and injecting mass flow of the CAES system in stable charging state [Go to Page]
6.2.5 Response characteristics of active power to pressure
6.3 Response characteristics and curves in discharging state [Go to Page]
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Response characteristics of active power to frequency
Figure 6 – Response curve of active power in charging state with changes in final-level pressure
Table 3 – The final-level pressure and charging active power during the stable charging stage
Figure 7 – Response curve of active power in discharging state
Table 4 – Operating frequency needs of the CAES system
Table 5 – Active power of the CAES system in discharging state [Go to Page]
6.3.3 Response characteristics of reactive power to voltage
Figure 8 – Typical active power and frequency response curve [Go to Page]
6.3.4 Response characteristics of active power to injecting mass flow
Table 6 – Response needs of reactive power to voltage [Go to Page]
6.3.5 Response characteristics of active power to pressure
Figure 9 – Response curve of active power to injecting mass flow in discharging state
6.4 State transition process
Figure 10 – Response curve of active power to pressure in discharging state
Table 7 – The outlet pressure and active power in discharging state of the CAES system
7 Other grid-connected needs [Go to Page]
7.1 Selection of the POC
7.2 EMC and power quality
7.3 Communication and automation
7.4 Monitoring and protection
7.5 Immunity to disturbances
8 Grid-connected testing needs [Go to Page]
8.1 General needs
8.2 Response test of voltage and reactive power
8.3 Test of power-generation control
8.4 Test of charging and discharging time
8.5 Test of rated energy
8.6 Efficiency test of energy conversion
Annexes [Go to Page]
Annex A (informative) Types of CAES system [Go to Page]
A.1 Supplementary combustion CAES system [Go to Page]
A.1.1 Supplementary combustion CAES system I
A.1.2 Supplementary combustion CAES system II
Figure A.1 – Architecture of supplementary combustion CAES system I [Go to Page]
[Go to Page]
A.1.3 Supplementary combustion CAES system III
A.2 Non-supplementary combustion CAES system [Go to Page]
A.2.1 Non-supplementary combustion CAES system I
Figure A.2 – Architecture of Supplementary Combustion CAES System II
Figure A.3 – Architecture of supplementary combustion CAES system III [Go to Page]
[Go to Page]
A.2.2 Non-supplementary combustion CAES system II
Figure A.4 – Architecture of non-complementary combustion CAES system I
Figure A.5 – Architecture of non-complementary combustion CAES system II
Annex B (informative) Cycle efficiency of energy conversion
Annex C (informative) Introduction to the subsystems of CAES system [Go to Page]
C.1 Compressor [Go to Page]
C.1.1 General
C.1.2 Piston compressor
C.1.3 Centrifugal compressor
C.1.4 Axial compressor
C.1.5 Rotary compressor
C.2 Heat exchanger [Go to Page]
C.2.1 General
C.2.2 Fixed tube-plate heat exchanger
C.2.3 U-shaped tube heat exchanger
C.2.4 Cross flow heat exchanger
C.2.5 Hairpin heat exchanger
C.3 Turbine [Go to Page]
C.3.1 General
C.3.2 Piston turbine
C.3.3 Radial turbine
C.3.4 Axial flow turbine
C.4 Air storage device [Go to Page]
C.4.1 General
C.4.2 Salt cavern
C.4.3 Artificial chamber
C.4.4 Abandoned mine
C.4.5 Pipeline steel
C.5 Heat storage medium [Go to Page]
C.5.1 General
C.5.2 Water
C.5.3 Organic heat carrier
C.5.4 Molten salt
Annex D (informative) Cases of CAES system [Go to Page]
D.1 Case 1
Figure D.1 – Panoramic view of Case 1 [Go to Page]
D.2 Case 2
Figure D.2 – Panoramic view of Case 2 [Go to Page]
D.3 Case 3
Figure D.3 – Panoramic view of Case 3
Bibliography [Go to Page]

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PD IEC TR 62786-102:2025 Distributed energy resources connection with the grid - CAES connection to the grid, 2025

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