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PD IEC SRD 63460:2025 Architecture and use-cases for EVs to provide grid support functions, 2025
- undefined
- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – EV as DER architecture within the larger grid environment
- Figure 2 – IEC Standards for EV grid support and charging management
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Terms and definitions
- Figure 3 – Illustrations of ECP, PoC, PCC, RPA, local EPS, and area EPS
- 3.2 Abbreviated terms
- 4 Overview of the DER environment and functions [Go to Page]
- 4.1 DER Stakeholders
- 4.2 DERs within a facility or microgrid
- Figure 4 – Key DER stakeholders
- 4.3 Utility and aggregator interactions with DER facility
- Figure 5 – DER within a facility: residence, campus, or plant, potentially as a microgrid, with flexibility market
- 4.4 EV interactions within the DER environment
- Figure 6 – Utility and aggregator interactions with DER facilities or directly with DERs
- Figure 7 – DER architecture with a focus on charging stations
- 4.5 List of DER functions potentially applicable to EVs
- Table 1 – DER functions for EV environment: roles and information exchanges
- 5 Historical overview of different EV architectures applicable to a DER environment [Go to Page]
- 5.1 SGAM interoperability layers as applicable to EVs
- Figure 8 – Smart grid architecture model (SGAM)
- Figure 9 – GWAC Stack and SGAM
- Figure 10 – Core communication protocols and information models for EV-as-DER
- 5.2 E-mobility systems architectures [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1 Overview
- 5.2.2 E-mobility in IEC TR 61850-90-8:2016
- Figure 11 – E-mobility SGAM view (out of date) [Go to Page]
- 5.2.3 EV Integration in IEC SRD 63268:2020
- Figure 12 – EV-related IEC 61850-90-8 data objects
- Figure 13 – Addition interfaces to support EV mapped to the SGAM communication layer (in case of H&B)
- Figure 14 – Marketplace interfaces mapped to the SGAM information layer [Go to Page]
- 5.2.4 EV architectures in the IEC 63110 series
- Figure 15 – IEC entities involved in supporting marketplace interfaces
- Figure 16 – E-mobility standards landscape within the IEC
- Figure 17 – Message flow between IEC TC 69 standards (not including TC 57 standards) [Go to Page]
- 5.2.5 EV architecture (IEC 63382 series)
- Figure 18 – Information flow between actors based onthe IEC 61850-7-420 information model
- Figure 19 – IEC 63382 diagram of actors and IEC standards responsible for the communications [Go to Page]
- 5.2.6 EV architecture from the IEC 63380 series
- 5.2.7 EVs in buildings architectures from IEC SC 23K
- Figure 20 – EV architecture in the IEC 63380 series [Go to Page]
- 5.2.8 EV architectures in SAE
- Figure 21 – EVs in buildings architecture from IEC SC 23K [Go to Page]
- 5.2.9 OCPP updates
- Figure 22 – SAE PEV standards for communication, interoperability, and security
- Figure 23 – OCPP topology for DER control via the charging point operator (CPO) [Go to Page]
- 5.2.10 ISO 15118-20 updates
- 5.3 E-mobility roles [Go to Page]
- 5.3.1 E-mobility role definitions from the IEC 63110 series
- Figure 24 – EV roles (actors) identified in the IEC 63110 series
- Figure 25 – Example of scope of key roles
- Table 2 – Roles applicable to EVs in a DER environment [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- 5.3.2 EV roles for DER use cases
- Figure 26 – Roles for charging stations applicable to a DER environment
- 5.4 EV-related standards [Go to Page]
- 5.4.1 EV-related standards organizations
- 5.4.2 Standards and documents including EV-related information exchange requirements
- Figure 27 – Communication protocols associated with EV roles in a DER environment
- 5.5 EV as DER architecture using the IEC 61850-7-420 information model
- 5.6 EV-DC and EV-AC charging and discharging [Go to Page]
- 5.6.1 V2G EV-charging station configurations
- Figure 28 – EV as DER architecture
- Table 3 – EV charging station configurations [Go to Page]
- Figure 29 – Overview of charging configuration with DC bus, with DC/DC charging
- Figure 30 – Extract of charging configuration with AC bus, EVSE inverter conversion AC to DC, and DC charging
- Figure 31 – Extract of charging configuration with AC bus, EVSE pass-through of AC, and AC charging with EV inverter
- Figure 32 – Extract of charging configuration with no bus, EVSE pass-through of AC, and AC charging with EV inverter [Go to Page]
- 5.6.2 Grid code functions in DC charging/discharging
- 5.6.3 Grid code functions in AC charging/discharging
- 5.6.4 SAE J3072 for V2G AC discharging
- 5.6.5 Information exchange requirements for EV-as-DER functions
- Figure 33 – Extract of charging configuration with no bus, EVSE inverter conversion AC to DC, and DC charging of EV [Go to Page]
- 5.6.6 Issues related to different configurations of charging stations
- 6 EV-as-DER business cases [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Business cases versus use cases
- 6.2 Transmission EV-as-DER business cases for balancing authorities and transmission utilities [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 General
- 6.2.2 Business case: fault-induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR)
- 6.2.3 Business case: steady-state consumption control
- 6.2.4 Business case: power factor management
- 6.2.5 Business case: frequency response (active power-frequency control)
- 6.2.6 Business case: underfrequency load shedding
- 6.2.7 Business case: ride-through performance: remaining connected during grid disturbances
- 6.3 Distribution EV-as-DER business cases for MV and LV grid support [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 General
- 6.3.2 Business case: manage potential overload situations via EV peak power limiting
- 6.3.3 Business case: provide benefits to EV owners via vehicle-to-home (V2H)
- 6.3.4 Business case: provide benefits to the grid via vehicle-to-grid (V2G)
- 6.3.5 Business case: improve grid efficiency through coordinated charge/ discharge of EVs
- 6.3.6 Business case: provide voltage support via volt-watt response by EVs
- 6.3.7 Business case: provide reactive power support via watt-var function
- 6.3.8 Business case: help meet export and/or import limits via the limit active power export/import function
- 7 EV-as-DER use cases [Go to Page]
- 7.1 General [Go to Page]
- 7.1.1 Overview
- 7.1.2 Use case E1: EV peak power limiting on demand
- 7.1.3 Use case E4: volt-watt response by EVs
- 7.1.4 Use case E8: coordinated charge/discharge of EVs
- 7.1.5 Use case E9: V2G EV as DER
- 7.1.6 Use case E12: watt-var function
- 7.1.7 Use case E15: limit active power export function
- 7.2 Use case: limit active power import operational function [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 Name of use case
- 7.2.2 Version management
- 7.2.3 Scope and objectives of use case
- 7.2.4 Narrative of the use case
- 7.2.5 Scenario steps
- 7.2.6 Use case diagrams – Sequence diagram
- 7.3 Use cases: frequency-active power (frequency-watt) operational functions [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 Overview of frequency-active power (frequency-watt) operational functions
- Figure 34 – Active power limiting sequence diagram
- Figure 35 – For zone 1 frequency sensitivity, potential use of WMax or WRef to determine the gradient
- Figure 36 – Frequency-active power constrained by static boundary: DER to remain within the boundaries of frequency-active power curves [Go to Page]
- 7.3.2 Use case: frequency-active power as FSM operational function
- Figure 37 – Sequence diagram: frequency-watt sensitivity operational function for EV-DC [Go to Page]
- 7.3.3 Use case: frequency droop or "primary frequency response" operational function
- Figure 38 – Sequence diagram: frequency-watt sensitivity operational function for EV-AC [Go to Page]
- 7.3.4 Use case: secondary frequency response (AGC) operational function
- Figure 39 – Frequency droop typical curve [Go to Page]
- 7.3.5 Use case: tertiary or spinning reserve frequency response operational function
- 7.3.6 Use case: synthetic Inertia operational function
- 7.4 Use cases: ride-through operational functions for charging stations [Go to Page]
- 7.4.1 Use case: frequency ride-through operational functions for charging stations
- 7.4.2 Use case: voltage ride-through operational functions for charging stations
- 8 Gaps of EV-as-DER in IEC e-mobility standards [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Overview of EV-as-DER gaps
- Figure 40 – Sequence diagram: frequency ride-through grid code function for charging stations
- Figure 41 – Diagram of EV-as-DER gaps
- 8.2 EV-as-DER-related standards, inclusion of V2G and/or V1G as controllable load [Go to Page]
- 8.2.1 EV-as-DER in standards defining DER functional requirements
- 8.2.2 EV-as-DER in communication standards
- 8.2.3 EV-as-DER OEM telematics
- 8.3 Balancing authority and/or transmission utility business and use cases
- 8.4 Distribution system operator business and use cases
- 8.5 IEC 61850 and/or CIM information model requirements for each use case
- 8.6 EV-as-DER protocols
- 8.7 Testing of EV-as-DER stationary equipment
- 8.8 Testing/Attestation of EVs to meet EV-as-DER requirements
- 9 Next steps
- Bibliography [Go to Page]
