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BS ISO/IEC 23415:2024 Information technology. Data Format Description Language (DFDL) v1.0 Specification, 2024
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- 1 Introduction [Go to Page]
- 1.1 Why is DFDL Needed?
- 1.2 What is DFDL? [Go to Page]
- 1.2.1 Simple Example
- 1.3 What DFDL is not
- 1.4 Scope of version 1.0
- 2 Overview of the Specification
- 3 Notational and Definitional Conventions [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Glossary and Terminology
- 3.2 Failure Types
- 4 The DFDL Information Set (Infoset) [Go to Page]
- 4.1 "No Value''
- 4.2 Information Items [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 Document Information Item
- 4.2.2 Element Information Items
- 4.3 DFDL Information Item Order
- 4.4 DFDL Augmented Infoset
- 5 DFDL Schema Component Model [Go to Page]
- 5.1 DFDL Simple Types
- 5.2 DFDL Subset of XML Schema
- 5.3 XSD Facets, min/maxOccurs, default, and fixed [Go to Page]
- 5.3.1 MinOccurs, MaxOccurs
- 5.3.2 MinLength, MaxLength
- 5.3.3 MaxInclusive, MaxExclusive, MinExclusive, MinInclusive, TotalDigits, FractionDigits
- 5.3.4 Pattern
- 5.3.5 Enumeration Values
- 5.3.6 Default
- 5.3.7 Fixed
- 5.4 Compatibility with Other Annotation Language Schemas
- 6 DFDL Syntax Basics [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Namespaces
- 6.2 The DFDL Annotation Elements
- 6.3 DFDL Properties [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 DFDL String Literals [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1.1 Character strings in DFDL String Literals
- 6.3.1.2 DFDL Character Entities, Character Class Entities, and Byte Values in String Literals
- 6.3.1.3 DFDL Character Class Entities in DFDL String Literals
- 6.3.1.4 DFDL Byte Value Entities in DFDL String Literals
- 6.3.2 DFDL Expressions
- 6.3.3 DFDL Regular Expressions
- 6.3.4 Enumerations in DFDL
- 7 Syntax of DFDL Annotation Elements [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Component Format Annotations [Go to Page]
- 7.1.1 Property Binding Syntax [Go to Page]
- 7.1.1.1 Property Binding Syntax: Attribute Form
- 7.1.1.2 Property Binding Syntax: Element Form
- 7.1.1.3 Property Binding Syntax: Short Form
- 7.1.2 Empty String as a Representation Property Value
- 7.2 dfdl:defineFormat - Reusable Data Format Definitions [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 Using/Referencing a Named Format Definition: The dfdl:ref Property
- 7.2.2 Inheritance for dfdl:defineFormat
- 7.3 The dfdl:defineEscapeScheme Defining Annotation Element [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 Using/Referencing a Named escapeScheme Definition
- 7.4 The dfdl:escapeScheme Annotation Element
- 7.5 The dfdl:assert Statement Annotation Element [Go to Page]
- 7.5.1 Properties for dfdl:assert
- 7.6 The dfdl:discriminator Statement Annotation Element [Go to Page]
- 7.6.1 Properties for dfdl:discriminator
- 7.7 DFDL Variable Annotations [Go to Page]
- 7.7.1 dfdl:defineVariable Annotation Element [Go to Page]
- 7.7.1.1 Examples
- 7.7.1.2 Predefined Variables
- 7.7.2 The dfdl:newVariableInstance Statement Annotation Element [Go to Page]
- 7.7.2.1 Examples
- 7.7.3 The dfdl:setVariable Statement Annotation Element [Go to Page]
- 7.7.3.1 Examples
- 8 Property Scoping and DFDL Schema Checking [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Property Scoping [Go to Page]
- 8.1.1 Property Scoping Rules
- 8.1.2 Providing Defaults for DFDL properties
- 8.1.3 Combining DFDL Representation Properties from a dfdl:defineFormat
- 8.1.4 Combining DFDL Properties from References
- 8.2 DFDL Schema Checking [Go to Page]
- 8.2.1 Schema Component Constraint: Unique Particle Attribution
- 8.2.2 Optional Checks and Warnings
- 9 DFDL Processing Introduction [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Parser Overview [Go to Page]
- 9.1.1 Points of Uncertainty
- 9.1.2 Processing Error
- 9.1.3 Recoverable Error
- 9.2 DFDL Data Syntax Grammar [Go to Page]
- 9.2.1 Nil Representation
- 9.2.2 Empty Representation
- 9.2.3 Normal Representation
- 9.2.4 Absent Representation
- 9.2.5 Zero-length Representation
- 9.2.6 Missing
- 9.2.7 Examples of Missing and Empty Representation
- 9.2.8 Round Trip Ambiguities
- 9.3 Parsing Algorithm [Go to Page]
- 9.3.1 Known-to-exist and Known-not-to-exist [Go to Page]
- 9.3.1.1 Known-to-exist
- 9.3.1.2 Processing Error After Determining Known-to-exist
- 9.3.1.3 Known-not-to-exist
- 9.3.2 Establishing Representation [Go to Page]
- 9.3.2.1 Simple element
- 9.3.2.2 Complex element
- 9.3.3 Resolving Points of Uncertainty [Go to Page]
- 9.3.3.1 Nested Points of Uncertainty
- 9.4 Element Defaults [Go to Page]
- 9.4.1 Definitions [Go to Page]
- 9.4.1.1 Default Value
- 9.4.1.2 Required/Optional Occurrence
- 9.4.2 Element Defaults When Parsing [Go to Page]
- 9.4.2.1 Simple element (not xs:string and not xs:hexBinary)
- 9.4.2.2 Simple element (xs:string or xs:hexBinary)
- 9.4.2.3 Complex element
- 9.4.2.4 Example: Complex Optional Empty Element Not Added to Infoset
- 9.4.2.5 Example: Complex Optional Empty Element with Delimiters
- 9.4.3 Element Defaults When Unparsing [Go to Page]
- 9.4.3.1 Simple element
- 9.4.3.2 Complex element
- 9.5 Evaluation Order for Statement Annotations [Go to Page]
- 9.5.1 Asserts and Discriminators with testKind 'expression'
- 9.5.2 Discriminators with testKind 'expression'
- 9.5.3 Elements and setVariable
- 9.5.4 Controlling the Order of Statement Evaluation
- 9.6 Validation
- 9.7 Unparser Infoset Augmentation Algorithm
- 10 Overview: Representation Properties and their Format Semantics
- 11 Properties Common to both Content and Framing [Go to Page]
- 11.1 Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM)
- 11.2 Character Encoding and Decoding Errors [Go to Page]
- 11.2.1 Property dfdl:encodingErrorPolicy [Go to Page]
- 11.2.1.1 dfdl:encodingErrorPolicy 'error'
- 11.2.1.2 dfdl:encodingErrorPolicy 'replace' for parsing
- 11.2.1.3 dfdl:encodingErrorPolicy 'replace' for unparsing
- 11.2.2 Unicode UTF-16 Decoding/Encoding Non-Errors
- 11.2.3 Preserving Data Containing Decoding Errors
- 11.3 Byte Order and Bit Order
- 11.4 dfdl:bitOrder Example [Go to Page]
- 11.4.1 Example Using Right-to-Left Display for 'leastSignificantBitFirst'
- 11.4.2 dfdl:bitOrder and Grammar Regions
- 12 Framing [Go to Page]
- 12.1 Aligned Data [Go to Page]
- 12.1.1 Implicit Alignment
- 12.1.2 Mandatory Alignment for Textual Data
- 12.1.3 Mandatory Alignment for Packed Decimal Data
- 12.1.4 Example: AlignmentFill
- 12.2 Properties for Specifying Delimiters
- 12.3 Properties for Specifying Lengths [Go to Page]
- 12.3.1 dfdl:lengthKind 'explicit'
- 12.3.2 dfdl:lengthKind 'delimited' [Go to Page]
- 12.3.2.1 Non-Delimited Elements within Delimited Constructs
- 12.3.2.2 Delimited Binary Data
- 12.3.3 dfdl:lengthKind 'implicit'
- 12.3.4 dfdl:lengthKind 'prefixed' [Go to Page]
- 12.3.4.1 Nested Prefix Lengths37F
- 12.3.5 dfdl:lengthKind 'pattern'
- 12.3.6 dfdl:lengthKind 'endOfParent'
- 12.3.7 Elements of Specified Length [Go to Page]
- 12.3.7.1 Length of Simple Elements with Textual Representation [Go to Page]
- 12.3.7.1.1 Text Length Specified in Bytes
- 12.3.7.2 Length of Simple Elements with Binary Representation [Go to Page]
- 12.3.7.2.1 Length of Base-2 Binary Number Elements
- 12.3.7.2.2 Length of Floating Point Binary Number Elements
- 12.3.7.2.3 Length of Packed Decimal Number Elements
- 12.3.7.2.4 Length of Binary Boolean Elements
- 12.3.7.2.5 Length of Base-2 Binary Calendar Elements
- 12.3.7.2.6 Length of Packed Decimal Calendar Elements
- 12.3.7.2.7 Length of Binary Opaque Elements
- 12.3.7.3 Length of Complex Elements
- 13 Simple Types [Go to Page]
- 13.1 Properties Common to All Simple Types
- 13.2 Properties Common to All Simple Types with Text representation [Go to Page]
- 13.2.1 The dfdl:escapeScheme Properties [Go to Page]
- 13.2.1.1 Escape Scheme Example
- 13.3 Properties for Bidirectional support for All Simple Types with Text representation
- 13.4 Properties Specific to String
- 13.5 Properties Specific to Number with Text or Binary Representation
- 13.6 Properties Specific to Number with Text Representation [Go to Page]
- 13.6.1 The dfdl:textNumberPattern Property [Go to Page]
- 13.6.1.1 dfdl:textNumberPattern for dfdl:textNumberRep 'standard'
- 13.6.1.2 dfdl:textNumberPattern for dfdl:textNumberRep 'zoned'
- 13.6.2 Converting logical numbers to/from text representation
- 13.7 Properties Specific to Number with Binary Representation [Go to Page]
- 13.7.1 Converting Logical Numbers to/from Binary Representation [Go to Page]
- 13.7.1.1 Converting Base-2 Binary Numbers
- 13.7.1.2 Bit strings, Alignment, and dfdl:fillByte
- 13.7.1.3 Bits within Bit Strings of Length <= 8
- 13.7.1.4 Bits within Bit Strings of Length > 8 [Go to Page]
- 13.7.1.4.1 Examples of Unsigned Integer Conversion
- 13.7.1.5 Converting Packed Decimal Numbers
- 13.8 Properties Specific to Float/Double with Binary Representation
- 13.9 Properties Specific to Boolean with Text Representation
- 13.10 Properties Specific to Boolean with Binary Representation
- 13.11 Properties Specific to Calendar with Text or Binary Representation [Go to Page]
- 13.11.1 The dfdl:calendarPattern property
- 13.11.2 The dfdl:calendarCheckPolicy Property
- 13.12 Properties Specific to Calendar with Text Representation
- 13.13 Properties Specific to Calendar with Binary Representation
- 13.14 Properties Specific to Opaque Types (xs:hexBinary)
- 13.15 Nil Value Processing
- 13.16 Properties for Nillable Elements
- 14 Sequence Groups [Go to Page]
- 14.1 Empty Sequences
- 14.2 Sequence Groups with Separators [Go to Page]
- 14.2.1 Separators and Suppression
- 14.2.2 Parsing Sequence Groups with Separators [Go to Page]
- 14.2.2.1 Errors When the Sequence is Positional
- 14.2.2.2 Example Parsing Scenarios
- 14.2.2.3 Parsing Child Groups within Separated Sequences
- 14.2.3 Unparsing Sequence Groups with Separators [Go to Page]
- 14.2.3.1 Example Unparsing Scenarios
- 14.2.3.2 Unparsing Child Groups within Separated Sequences
- 14.3 Unordered Sequence Groups [Go to Page]
- 14.3.1 Restrictions for Unordered Sequences
- 14.3.2 Parsing an Unordered Sequence [Go to Page]
- 14.3.2.1 Source-to-source Transformation
- 14.3.2.2 Post-processing Transformation
- 14.3.3 Unparsing an Unordered Sequence
- 14.4 Floating Elements
- 14.5 Hidden Groups
- 15 Choice Groups [Go to Page]
- 15.1 Resolving Choices [Go to Page]
- 15.1.1 Resolving Choices via Speculation
- 15.1.2 Resolving Choices via Direct Dispatch
- 15.1.3 Unparsing Choices [Go to Page]
- 15.1.3.1 Unparsing Choices in Hidden Groups
- 16 Properties for Array Elements and Optional Elements [Go to Page]
- 16.1 The dfdl:occursCountKind property [Go to Page]
- 16.1.1 dfdl:occursCountKind 'fixed'
- 16.1.2 dfdl:occursCountKind 'implicit'
- 16.1.3 dfdl:occursCountKind 'parsed'
- 16.1.4 dfdl:occursCountKind 'expression'
- 16.1.5 dfdl:occursCountKind 'stopValue'
- 16.2 Default Values for Arrays
- 16.3 Arrays with DFDL Expressions
- 16.4 Points of Uncertainty
- 16.5 Arrays and Sequences
- 16.6 Forward Progress Requirement
- 16.7 Parsing Occurrences with Non-Normal Representation
- 16.8 Sparse Arrays
- 17 Calculated Value Properties [Go to Page]
- 17.1 Example: 2d Nested Array
- 17.2 Example: Three-Byte Date
- 18 DFDL Expression Language [Go to Page]
- 18.1 Expression Language Data Model
- 18.2 Variables [Go to Page]
- 18.2.1 Rewinding of Variable Memory State
- 18.2.2 Variable Memory State Transitions
- 18.3 General Syntax
- 18.4 DFDL Expression Syntax
- 18.5 Constructors, Functions and Operators [Go to Page]
- 18.5.1 Constructor Functions for XML Schema Built-in Types
- 18.5.2 Standard XPath Functions [Go to Page]
- 18.5.2.1 Boolean functions
- 18.5.2.2 Numeric Functions
- 18.5.2.3 String Functions
- 18.5.2.4 Date and Time Functions
- 18.5.2.5 Node Sequence Test Functions
- 18.5.2.6 Node functions
- 18.5.2.7 Nillable Element Functions
- 18.5.3 DFDL Functions
- 18.5.4 DFDL Constructor Functions
- 18.5.5 Miscellaneous Functions
- 18.6 Unparsing and Circular Expression Deadlock Errors
- 19 DFDL Regular Expressions
- 20 External Control of the DFDL Processor
- 21 Built-in Specifications
- 22 Conformance
- 23 Optional DFDL Features
- 24 Security Considerations
- 25 Authors and Contributors
- 26 Intellectual Property Statement
- 27 Disclaimer
- 28 Full Copyright Notice
- 29 References
- 30 Appendix A: Escape Scheme Use Cases [Go to Page]
- 30.1 Escape Character Same as dfdl:escapeEscapeCharacter
- 30.2 Escape Character Different from dfdl:escapeEscapeCharacter [Go to Page]
- 30.2.1 Example 1 - Separator ';'
- 30.2.2 Example 2 - Separator 'sep'
- 30.3 Escape Block with Different Start and End Characters
- 30.4 Escape Block with Same Start and End Characters
- 31 Appendix B: Rationale for Single-Assignment Variables
- 32 Appendix C: Processing of DFDL String literals [Go to Page]
- 32.1 Interpreting a DFDL String Literal
- 32.2 Recognizing a DFDL String Literal
- 32.3 Recognizing DFDL String Literal Part
- 33 Appendix D: DFDL Standard Encodings50F [Go to Page]
- 33.1 Purpose
- 33.2 Conventions
- 33.3 Specification Template
- 33.4 Encoding X-DFDL-US-ASCII-7-BIT-PACKED [Go to Page]
- 33.4.1 Name
- 33.4.2 Translation table
- 33.4.3 Width
- 33.4.4 Alignment
- 33.4.5 Byte Order
- 33.4.6 Example 1
- 33.4.7 Example 2
- 33.5 Encoding X-DFDL-US-ASCII-6-BIT-PACKED [Go to Page]
- 33.5.1 Name
- 33.5.2 Translation Table
- 33.5.3 Width
- 33.5.4 Alignment
- 33.5.5 ByteOrder
- 33.5.6 Example 1
- 33.6 References for Appendix D52F
- 34 Appendix E: Glossary of Terms
- 35 Appendix F: Specific Errors Classified
- 36 Appendix G: Property Precedence [Go to Page]
- 36.1 Parsing [Go to Page]
- 36.1.1 dfdl:element (simple) and dfdl:simpleType
- 36.1.2 dfdl:element (complex)
- 36.1.3 dfdl:sequence and dfdl:group (when reference is to a sequence)
- 36.1.4 dfdl:choice and dfdl:group (when reference is to a choice)
- 36.2 Unparsing [Go to Page]
- 36.2.1 dfdl:element (simple) and dfdl:simpleType
- 36.2.2 dfdl:element (complex)
- 36.2.3 dfdl:sequence and dfdl:group (when reference is a sequence)
- 36.2.4 dfdl:choice and dfdl:group (when reference is a choice) [Go to Page]
