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BS EN IEC 60947-9-2:2025 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Active arc-fault mitigation systems. Optical-based internal arc-detection and mitigation devices, 2025
- undefined
- European foreword
- Endorsement notice
- Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications
- Annex ZZ (informative) Relationship between this European standard and the safety objectives of Directive 2014/35/EU [2014 OJ L96] aimed to be covered
- Table ZZ.1 — Correspondence between this European standard and the Annex I of Directive 2014/35/EU [2014 OJ L96] [Go to Page]
- English [Go to Page]
- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION
- 1 Scope
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – Optical-based IACD schematic (stand-alone type and no secondary sensor)
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 Classification [Go to Page]
- 4.1 IACD type [Go to Page]
- 4.1.1 Stand-alone type IACD
- 4.1.2 Multifunction-type IACD
- 4.1.3 Combined-type IACD
- Figure 2 – Stand-alone type IACD architecture overview
- Figure 3 – Multifunction-type IACD architecture overview
- 4.2 Combination of sensors [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 Optical sensors-only type
- 4.2.2 Optical sensors and secondary sensors type
- Figure 4 – Combined-type IACD architecture overview
- 4.3 Binary output types [Go to Page]
- 4.3.1 Operate output
- 4.3.2 Auxiliary binary output
- 5 Characteristics [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Maximum arc-fault detection time
- 5.2 Maximum arc-fault extinction time
- 5.3 Minimum arc-fault detection current value
- 5.4 Maximum prospective short-circuit current value
- 6 Product information [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Nature of information
- 6.2 Markings
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table 1 – Markings and indications for an IACD d
- 6.3 Instructions for installation, operation, maintenance, decommissioning and dismantling
- 7 Normal service, mounting and transport conditions
- 8 Constructional and performance requirements [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Constructional requirements [Go to Page]
- 8.1.1 General
- 8.1.2 Creepages and clearances
- 8.1.3 Material requirement
- 8.2 Performance requirements [Go to Page]
- 8.2.1 General
- 8.2.2 Operating conditions
- 8.2.3 Temperature-rise
- Table 2 – Test conditions for glow-wire test
- 8.3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
- 9 Tests [Go to Page]
- 9.1 General – Kind of tests
- 9.2 Compliance with constructional requirements
- 9.3 Type tests [Go to Page]
- 9.3.1 General
- Table 3 – Tests sequences for standalone-type or multifunction-type IACD [Go to Page]
- 9.3.2 Guidance on sample selection
- Table 4 – Tests sequences for combined-type IACD
- Figure 5 – Stand-alone IACD (hardware) architecture
- Figure 6 – Multifunction-type IACD (hardware) architecture [Go to Page]
- 9.3.3 Light-immunity tests
- 9.3.4 Detection and extinction tests
- Figure 7 – Reduced energy detection tests – Arrangement principle
- Figure 8 – Method of test
- Figure 9 – High energy detection and extinction tests – Arrangement principle [Go to Page]
- 9.3.5 Dielectric properties
- Table 5 – General conditions of tests under high energy [Go to Page]
- 9.3.6 EMC tests
- 9.3.7 Environmental tests
- Table 6 − EMC − Emission tests
- Table 7 – Insulation test parameters
- Table 8 – Vibration test parameters [Go to Page]
- 9.3.8 Temperature-rise tests
- 9.3.9 Functional tests
- 9.4 Routine tests [Go to Page]
- 9.4.1 General
- 9.4.2 Functional requirements
- 9.4.3 Safety requirements
- 10 Test report
- Annex A (normative)Detection tests under reduced energy arcs [Go to Page]
- A.1 General
- Figure A.1 – Arc-test box outline
- A.2 Electrical test circuit, electrodes and arc parameters [Go to Page]
- A.2.1 Electrical test circuit
- A.2.2 Calibration of test circuit
- A.2.3 Electrodes
- A.2.4 Ignition wire
- A.2.5 Arc electrical values
- Table A.1 – Test circuit conditions
- Table A.2 – Ignition wire specifications [Go to Page]
- A.2.6 Environmental conditions
- A.2.7 Conditioning of test objects
- A.3 Preparation and maintenance [Go to Page]
- A.3.1 Preparation and conditioning of the test box
- Table A.3 – Arc parameters
- Table A.4 – Environmental conditions [Go to Page]
- A.3.2 Care and maintenance of the test equipment
- A.4 Optical sensors conditioning and positioning
- Table A.5 – Point-sensor positioning values
- Figure A.2 – Positioning principle (point-sensor test case)
- Table A.6 – Optical fibre sensor positioning values
- A.5 Instructions for IACD maintenance during test sequence
- Figure A.3 – Positioning principle (optical fibre test case)
- Annex B (normative)Detection and extinction tests for high energy arcs [Go to Page]
- B.1 General
- B.2 Test specimen, electrical test circuit, arc parameters [Go to Page]
- B.2.1 Test specimen (stand-alone or multifunction-type IACD)
- Figure B.1 – Three-phase edge-to-edge arrangement principle(stand-alone or multifunction-type, top view) [Go to Page]
- B.2.2 Test specimen (combined-type IACD)
- Figure B.2 – Three-phase face-to-face arrangement principle(stand-alone or multifunction-type, top view)
- Figure B.3 – Three-phase edge-to-edge arrangement principle(line combined-type, top view)
- Figure B.4 – Three-phase face-to-face arrangement principle(line combined-type, top view)
- Figure B.5 – Three-phase test edge-to-edge arrangement principle(parallel combined-type, top view) [Go to Page]
- B.2.3 Electrical test circuit
- Figure B.6 – Three-phase test face-to-face arrangement principle(parallel combined-type, top view) [Go to Page]
- B.2.4 IACD configuration
- B.2.5 Arc parameters
- B.3 Environmental conditions
- Table B.1 – Test circuit conditions
- Table B.2 – Arc values
- B.4 Optical sensors conditioning and positioning
- Figure B.7 – Positioning of optical sensor vs arc
- Table B.3 – Environmental conditions
- B.5 Instructions for maintenance
- Table B.4 – Point-sensor positioning values
- Table B.5 – Optical fibre sensor positioning values
- Table B.6 – Authorized maintenance
- Annex C (normative)Arcing current parameters [Go to Page]
- C.1 Preamble
- C.2 The different phases of an arc
- Table C.1 – Main phases of an arc-fault
- C.3 Detection of arc ignition (t0)
- Figure C.1 – Detection of arc ignition
- C.4 Arc continuity
- C.5 Detection of arc-extinction [Go to Page]
- C.5.1 General
- C.5.2 Quenching device
- C.5.3 Current-switching device
- C.6 Measurement means
- C.7 Waveform consistency
- Figure C.2 – Example of invalid test due to unintended arcingcaused by incorrect connection of ignition wire
- Annex D (informative)IACD optical measurements [Go to Page]
- D.1 Preamble [Go to Page]
- D.1.1 General
- D.1.2 Photometry – The appearance point of view
- D.1.3 Radiometry – The technical point of view
- D.2 The different optical units [Go to Page]
- D.2.1 General
- D.2.2 The luminosity function
- Table D.1 – Selected photometric and radiometric definitions and units [Go to Page]
- D.2.3 How to use the luminosity function
- Figure D.1 – The luminosity function, also known as υ(λ) curve,describes the sensitivity of the human eye
- Figure D.2 – Example of a measured absolute irradiance spectrumfrom an arc formed across two copper busbars at 5 kA (RMS) 60 Hz
- D.3 Light measurement [Go to Page]
- D.3.1 Use of a luxmeter
- Figure D.3 – Resulting integrals of the illuminance, Φv, and irradiance, Φe,produced from the measured arc data taken from Figure D.2 [Go to Page]
- D.3.2 Use of a spectrometer
- Figure D.4 – Block diagram of typical luxmeter circuit
- Figure D.5 – Example of spectral irradiance measurementfrom a compact fluorescent light [Go to Page]
- D.3.3 Spectrometer operation
- D.3.4 Calibration
- Figure D.6 – Basic components of a spectrometer [Go to Page]
- D.3.5 Absolute irradiance calibration
- D.3.6 Luxmeter operation
- Figure D.7 – Calculated emission of a Planck’s emitter at 2 500 K,υ(λ) curve and resulting overlap [Go to Page]
- D.3.7 Luxmeter calibration
- Figure D.8 – Calibration bench for luxmeters [Go to Page]
- D.3.8 Luxmeter to spectrometer comparison
- D.4 Measuring the sensitivity and bandwidth of the optical sensors of an IACD
- Figure D.9 – Examples of spectral irradiance measured at 50 cm distancebetween spectrometer and light source
- Figure D.10 – Spectral irradiance examples comparing a continuous xenonlight source to a pulsed xenon light source
- Annex E (normative)Ambient light immunity tests [Go to Page]
- E.1 General
- Table E.1 – Minimum ambient light values regarding specific workplaces
- E.2 Test method [Go to Page]
- E.2.1 Principle
- E.2.2 IACD installation and setup
- Figure E.1 – Calibrating the system for 2 000 lx [Go to Page]
- E.2.3 Environmental conditions
- E.2.4 Requirements for light source
- E.2.5 Requirements for luxmeter
- E.2.6 Calibration and testing method
- Figure E.2 – Luxmeter readings for QTH at 207 W (6,50 A at 31,8 V)at various distances between the luxmeter and the light source
- Figure E.3 – Test setup for an IACD fitted with point-sensor
- Figure E.4 – Test setup for an IACD fitted with optical fibre sensor [Go to Page]
- E.2.7 Test report
- Annex F (informative)Items subject to agreement between manufacturer and user
- Bibliography [Go to Page]
