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BS EN 13001-3-6:2026 - TC Tracked Changes. Cranes. General design - Limit states and proof of competence of machinery. Hydraulic cylinders, 2026
- A-30502616.pdf [Go to Page]
- undefined
- European foreword
- Introduction
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Terms and definitions
- 3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms
- Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations [Go to Page]
- 3.3 Terminology
- Figure 1 — Complete cylinder
- Figure 2 — Cylinder head
- Figure 3 — Piston
- 4 General [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Documentation
- 4.2 Materials for hydraulic cylinders [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 General requirements
- 4.2.2 Additional mechanical properties
- Figure 4 — Sample for impact toughness testing
- 5 Proof of static strength [Go to Page]
- 5.1 General
- 5.2 Limit design stresses [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1 General
- 5.2.2 Limit design stress in structural members
- Figure 5 — Tensile load perpendicular to plane of rolling [Go to Page]
- 5.2.3 Limit design stresses in welded connections
- 5.3 Linear stress analysis [Go to Page]
- 5.3.1 General
- 5.3.2 Typical load cases and boundary conditions
- Figure 6 — Pushing cylinder with supported bottom
- Figure 7 — Pushing cylinder, flange mounted with unsupported bottom
- Figure 8 — Pulling cylinder or pushing cylinder with pressurized rod chamber
- Figure 9 — Pushing cylinder at end of stroke
- Figure 10 — Pulling cylinder at end of stroke [Go to Page]
- 5.3.3 Cylinder tube
- Figure 11 — Stresses in cylinder tube [Go to Page]
- 5.3.4 Cylinder bottom [Go to Page]
- 5.3.4.1 Bottom plate
- Figure 12 — Stresses in unsupported cylinder bottom [Go to Page]
- 5.3.4.2 Bottom weld
- Figure 13 — Bottom weld [Go to Page]
- 5.3.5 Piston rod welds
- 5.3.6 Cylinder head
- 5.3.7 Cylinder tube and piston rod threads
- 5.3.8 Thread undercuts and locking wire grooves
- Figure 14 — Undercuts at thread run out [Go to Page]
- 5.3.9 Oil connector welds
- Figure 15 — Welded oil connector [Go to Page]
- 5.3.10 Connecting interfaces to crane structure
- 5.4 Nonlinear stress analysis [Go to Page]
- 5.4.1 General
- 5.4.2 Standard cylinder with end moments
- Figure 16 — Cylinder with end moments from axle frictions and angular misalignment [Go to Page]
- 5.4.3 Support leg
- Figure 17 — Support leg cylinder with lateral force and angular misalignment [Go to Page]
- 5.5 Execution of the proof [Go to Page]
- 5.5.1 Proof for load bearing components
- 5.5.2 Proof for bolted connections
- 5.5.3 Proof for welded connections
- 6 Proof of fatigue strength [Go to Page]
- 6.1 General
- 6.2 Stress histories
- Table 2 — Classes S of stress history parameter s3 [Go to Page]
- 6.3 Execution of the proof
- 6.4 Limit design stress range
- 6.5 Details for consideration [Go to Page]
- 6.5.1 General
- 6.5.2 Bottom weld
- Figure 18 — Cylinder bottom, supported (upper) and unsupported (lower)
- Figure 19 — Bottom weld [Go to Page]
- 6.5.3 Notch stress at oil connectors
- Figure 20 — Oil connector on piston side [Go to Page]
- 6.5.4 Cylinder head [Go to Page]
- 6.5.4.1 General
- 6.5.4.2 Tube thread
- Figure 21 — Tube inner thread [Go to Page]
- 6.5.4.3 Tube thread undercut
- Figure 22 — Undercut for tube thread [Go to Page]
- 6.5.4.4 Locking wire groove
- Figure 23 — Locking wire groove [Go to Page]
- 6.5.5 Piston rod [Go to Page]
- 6.5.5.1 General
- 6.5.5.2 Piston rod threads
- Figure 24 — Threads on piston rod [Go to Page]
- 6.5.5.3 Piston rod thread undercuts
- 6.5.5.4 Piston rod welds
- Figure 25 — Piston rod welds, fillet weld (left) and groove weld (right) [Go to Page]
- 6.5.6 Cylinder head bolts
- 6.5.7 Cylinder head flange weld [Go to Page]
- 6.5.7.1 General
- Figure 26 — Cylinder head flange welds, fillet weld (left) and groove weld (right) [Go to Page]
- 6.5.7.2 Pulling cylinder, axial stress
- 6.5.7.3 Pushing cylinder, axial stress at end of stroke
- 6.5.7.4 Pushing and pulling cylinder, axial stress
- 6.5.7.5 Pulling cylinder, tangential stress
- 6.5.8 Mechanical interfaces
- 7 Proof of elastic stability [Go to Page]
- 7.1 General
- 7.2 Critical buckling load
- Table 3 — Critical buckling load Nk for Euler’s buckling cases
- Table 4 — Common buckling cases for hydraulic cylinders [Go to Page]
- 7.3 Limit compressive design force
- 7.4 Execution of the proof
- Annex A (informative) Critical buckling load for common buckling cases
- A.1 General
- Figure A.1 — Common buckling cases for hydraulic cylinders
- A.2 Buckling case A
- Figure A.2 — Buckling case A (regular Euler 1 case)
- A.3 Buckling case B
- Figure A.3 — Buckling case B (as Euler 1 case, but with two different cross-sections)
- A.4 Buckling case C
- Figure A.4 — Buckling case C (regular Euler 2 case)
- A.5 Buckling case D
- Figure A.5 — Buckling case D (as Euler 2 case, but with two different cross-sections)
- A.6 Buckling case E
- Figure A.6 — Buckling case E (two coupled Euler 2 cases)
- A.7 Buckling case F
- Figure A.7 — Buckling case F (Euler 2 case coupled with a rotational spring)
- A.8 Buckling case G
- Figure A.8 — Buckling case G (regular Euler 3 case)
- Annex B (informative) Second order analysis of two important cases
- B.1 Compressed cylinder with end moments and angular misalignment
- Figure B.1 — Compressed cylinder with end moments and angular misalignment
- B.2 Compressed cylinder with lateral end force and angular misalignment
- Figure B.2 — Compressed cylinder with lateral end force and angular misalignment
- B.3 Axial stresses for cases in B.1 and B.2
- Annex C (informative) Shell section forces and moments for cylinder bottom
- Figure C.1 — Deformations of tube and bottom due to pressure and internal forces
- Annex D (informative) Fatigue analysis of bottom weld for more complex cases
- Figure D.1 — Deformations due to internal constraining reactions
- Figure D.2 — Boundary forces on supported bottom other than constant pressure
- Annex E (informative) Overview of standards published by CEN/TC 147
- E.1 General
- E.2 Selecting a suitable standard
- Table E.1 — Product standards for lifting machinery
- Table E.2 — Subject specific and component specific standards
- Annex F (informative) List of hazards
- Table F.1 — List of hazards
- Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 aimed to be covered
- Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Annex III of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230
- Bibliography [Go to Page]
